Mouth and dental health is often neglected in older adults, yet a painful tooth, an ill-fitting denture or a mouth ulcer can make eating difficult and lead to weight loss, avoiding conversation and social withdrawal. Mouth care also helps reduce the risk of pneumonia, especially in people with swallowing difficulties or who are bedbound.
What to do every day
- Brush the teeth twice a day for two minutes with fluoride toothpaste.
- Clean between the teeth with a suitable tool (floss or interdental brushes).
- Gently brush the tongue.
- Limit sugary food and drinks between meals.
- If hand dexterity is reduced, use a thick-handled or electric toothbrush.
Denture care
- Take dentures out every day and clean them with a soft brush and a suitable cleaner; toothpaste can scratch some dentures.
- Remove them at night and store them in the recommended solution or in water; the gums need to rest.
- Clean the gums and palate with a soft brush or damp gauze.
- If a denture is loose, causes sores or hurts, show it to the dentist; weight loss can affect how dentures fit.
- Keeping dentures in a named container stops them getting lost during hospital stays.
Dry mouth
Many medicines can cause a dry mouth. A dry mouth raises the risk of tooth decay, fungal infections, changes in taste and swallowing difficulties. Frequent sips of water, sugar-free gum or pastilles and saliva substitutes the doctor may recommend can help. Ask the doctor whether any change to medicines is needed.
Mouth care for someone who is bedbound
Sit the person as upright as possible or turn their head to the side. Use a small amount of toothpaste and a soft brush; use little water so they do not swallow foam and liquid that collects in the mouth. If they find it hard to open their mouth, do not force it; try again after a short break. Moisturising the lips prevents cracking.
When to see the dentist or doctor
- A mouth ulcer, white or red patch or swelling that lasts more than two to three weeks
- Toothache, bleeding or swollen gums
- Difficulty chewing, avoiding food, unexplained restlessness (especially in people with dementia, this can be a sign of pain)
- Bad breath or a persistent bad taste in the mouth
If they wear dentures or are not having regular check-ups, add at least one dental check-up a year to the family calendar.
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Prepared by WellFamily using the public guidance below. This is general information, not a clinical assessment or a claim of medical review.